International Journals of Engineering, Science & Mathematics (IJESM) is a refereed peer-reviewed research journal which aims to promote the links between engineering, Science and Mathematics. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering, Science and Mathematics. Original theoretical work and application-based studies, which contributes to a better understanding of engineering, science and mathematics, are encouraged.